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Proper-motion binaries in the Hipparcos catalogue. Comparison with radial velocity data
Context: .This paper is the last in a series devoted to the analysis ofthe binary content of the Hipparcos Catalogue. Aims: .Thecomparison of the proper motions constructed from positions spanning ashort (Hipparcos) or long time (Tycho-2) makes it possible to uncoverbinaries with periods of the order of or somewhat larger than the shorttime span (in this case, the 3 yr duration of the Hipparcos mission),since the unrecognised orbital motion will then add to the propermotion. Methods: .A list of candidate proper motion binaries isconstructed from a carefully designed χ2 test evaluatingthe statistical significance of the difference between the Tycho-2 andHipparcos proper motions for 103 134 stars in common between the twocatalogues (excluding components of visual systems). Since similar listsof proper-motion binaries have already been constructed, the presentpaper focuses on the evaluation of the detection efficiency ofproper-motion binaries, using different kinds of control data (mostlyradial velocities). The detection rate for entries from the NinthCatalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (S_B^9) is evaluated, as wellas for stars like barium stars, which are known to be all binaries, andfinally for spectroscopic binaries identified from radial velocity datain the Geneva-Copenhagen survey of F and G dwarfs in the solarneighbourhood. Results: .Proper motion binaries are efficientlydetected for systems with parallaxes in excess of ~20 mas, and periodsin the range 1000-30 000 d. The shortest periods in this range(1000-2000 d, i.e., once to twice the duration of the Hipparcos mission)may appear only as DMSA/G binaries (accelerated proper motion in theHipparcos Double and Multiple System Annex). Proper motion binariesdetected among S_B9 systems having periods shorter than about400 d hint at triple systems, the proper-motion binary involving acomponent with a longer orbital period. A list of 19 candidate triplesystems is provided. Binaries suspected of having low-mass(brown-dwarf-like) companions are listed as well. Among the 37 bariumstars with parallaxes larger than 5 mas, only 7 exhibit no evidence forduplicity whatsoever (be it spectroscopic or astrometric). Finally, thefraction of proper-motion binaries shows no significant variation amongthe various (regular) spectral classes, when due account is taken forthe detection biases.Full Table [see full textsee full text] is only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/464/377
| Analysis of the Na, Mg, Al, and Si Abundances in the Atmospheres of Red Giants of Different Spectral Subgroups
We analyze the Na, Mg, Al, and Si abundances in the atmospheres of morethan 40 stars, includingred giants of different spectral subgroups(normal red giants, mild and classical barium stars) and severalsupergiants. All these elements exhibit abundance excesses, with theoverabundance increasing with the star’s luminosity. Thedependence of the overabundances for each of these elements on theluminosity (or log g) is the same for all the spectral subgroups,testifying to a common origin: they are all products of hydrogen burningin the NeNa and MgAl cycles that have been dredged up from the stellarinteriors to the outer atmospheric layers by convection that graduallydevelops during the star’s evolution from the main sequence to thered-giant stage. The sodium abundances derived for several stars arelower than for other stars with similar atmospheric parameters. The agesand kinematic characteristics of these two groups of stars suggest thatthey probably belong to different stellar generations.
| Analysis of Atmospheric Abundances in Classical Barium Stars
We present our analysis of elemental abundances in the atmospheres of 16classical barium stars derived from high-resolution spectra and modelatmospheres. Comparison of the results with analogous data for moderatebarium stars and normal red giants shows that the abundance patterns forelements before the iron peak are the same for all three groups of redgiants, testifying to a similar origin. For binary systems, we confirmthe influence of the orbital period and, hence, the componentseparation, on the overabundance of s-process elements. The amount ofenrichment in s-process elements is also influenced by mass,metallicity, and evolutionary phase. Any of these parameters can beimportant in individual objects.
| Studies of Classical Barium Stars
Using atmosphere models based on high-resolution spectra, we havederived the abundances of chemical elements in the atmospheres of sevenclassical barium stars and compared them with the elemental abundancesof moderate barium stars and normal red giants. The behavior of elementsup to the iron peak is the same in all three groups of giants, providingevidence that they have a common origin. The dependence of the anomalousabundances of s-process elements on stellar mass and metallicity isqualitatively similar for all three groups, probably indicating that asubstantial role is played by the evolutionary phase of the stars. Weconclude that the barium-star phenomenon and the overabundances ofs-process elements in barium stars cannot be explained as a consequenceof binarity alone. The extent to which the s-process elements areoverabundant is affected by the mass, metallicity, and evolutionaryphase of the given star, and any of these parameters may prove to beimportant in a specific object.
| Carbon-rich giants in the HR diagram and their luminosity function
The luminosity function (LF) of nearly 300 Galactic carbon giants isderived. Adding BaII giants and various related objects, about 370objects are located in the RGB and AGB portions of the theoretical HRdiagram. As intermediate steps, (1) bolometric corrections arecalibrated against selected intrinsic color indices; (2) the diagram ofphotometric coefficients 1/2 vs. astrometric trueparallaxes varpi are interpreted in terms of ranges of photosphericradii for every photometric group; (3) coefficients CR andCL for bias-free evaluation of mean photospheric radii andmean luminosities are computed. The LF of Galactic carbon giantsexhibits two maxima corresponding to the HC-stars of the thick disk andto the CV-stars of the old thin disk respectively. It is discussed andcompared to those of carbon stars in the Magellanic Clouds and Galacticbulge. The HC-part is similar to the LF of the Galactic bulge,reinforcing the idea that the Bulge and the thick disk are part of thesame dynamical component. The CV-part looks similar to the LF of theLarge Magellanic Cloud (LMC), but the former is wider due to thesubstantial errors on HIPPARCOS parallaxes. The obtained meanluminosities increase with increasing radii and decreasing effectivetemperatures, along the HC-CV sequence of photometric groups, except forHC0, the earliest one. This trend illustrates the RGB- and AGB-tracks oflow- and intermediate-mass stars for a range in metallicities. From acomparison with theoretical tracks in the HR diagram, the initial massesMi range from about 0.8 to 4.0 Msun for carbongiants, with possibly larger masses for a few extreme objects. A largerange of metallicities is likely, from metal-poor HC-stars classified asCH stars on the grounds of their spectra (a spheroidal component), tonear-solar compositions of many CV-stars. Technetium-rich carbon giantsare brighter than the lower limit Mbol =~ -3.6+/- 0.4 andcentered at =~-4.7+0.6-0.9 at about =~(2935+/-200) K or CV3-CV4 in our classification. Much like the resultsof Van Eck et al. (\cite{vaneck98}) for S stars, this confirms theTDU-model of those TP-AGB stars. This is not the case of the HC-stars inthe thick disk, with >~ 3400 K and>~ -3.4. The faint HC1 and HC2-stars( =~ -1.1+0.7-1.0) arefound slightly brighter than the BaII giants ( =~-0.3+/-1.3) on average. Most RCB variables and HdC stars range fromMbol =~ -1 to -4 against -0.2 to -2.4 for those of the threepopulation II Cepheids in the sample. The former stars show the largestluminosities ( <~ -4 at the highest effectivetemperatures (6500-7500 K), close to the Mbol =~ -5 value forthe hot LMC RCB-stars (W Men and HV 5637). A full discussion of theresults is postponed to a companion paper on pulsation modes andpulsation masses of carbon-rich long period variables (LPVs; Paper IV,present issue). This research has made use of the Simbad databaseoperated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. Partially based on data from theESA HIPPARCOS astrometry satellite. Table 2 is only available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/390/967
| Sodium enrichment of stellar atmospheres. I. Non-variable supergiants and bright giants
48 supergiants and bright giants have been observed in order toinvestigate the sodium enrichment of their atmospheres and itsconnection with stellar gravity. We present the equivalent widths of the6154 Å and 6160 Å Na I lines measured from the programspectra, the results of effective temperature determinations, the NLTEsodium abundances, and the derived relation between the sodiumoverabundance and surface gravity.
| Re-processing the Hipparcos Transit Data and Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. I. Ba, CH and Tc-poor S stars
Only 235 entries were processed as astrometric binaries with orbits inthe Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogue (\cite{Hipparcos}). However, theIntermediate Astrometric Data (IAD) and Transit Data (TD) made availableby ESA make it possible to re-process the stars that turned out to bespectroscopic binaries after the completion of the Catalogue. This paperillustrates how TD and IAD may be used in conjunction with the orbitalparameters of spectroscopic binaries to derive astrometric parameters.The five astrometric and four orbital parameters (not already known fromthe spectroscopic orbit) are derived by minimizing an objective function(chi 2) with an algorithm of global optimization. This codehas been applied to 81 systems for which spectroscopic orbits becameavailable recently and that belong to various families ofchemically-peculiar red giants (namely, dwarf barium stars, strong andmild barium stars, CH stars, and Tc-poor S stars). Among these 81systems, 23 yield reliable astrometric orbits. These 23 systems make itpossible to evaluate on real data the so-called ``cosmic error''described by Wielen et al. (1997), namely the fact that an unrecognizedorbital motion introduces a systematic error on the proper motion.Comparison of the proper motion from the Hipparcos catalogue with thatre-derived in the present work indicates that the former are indeed faroff the present value for binaries with periods in the range 3 to ~ 8years. Hipparcos parallaxes of unrecognized spectroscopic binaries turnout to be reliable, except for systems with periods close to 1 year, asexpected. Finally, we show that, even when a complete orbital revolutionwas observed by Hipparcos, the inclination is unfortunately seldomprecise. Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satelliteoperated by the European Space Agency (ESA 1997).
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Catalogs of temperatures and [Fe/H] averages for evolved G and K stars
A catalog of mean values of [Fe/H] for evolved G and K stars isdescribed. The zero point for the catalog entries has been establishedby using differential analyses. Literature sources for those entries areincluded in the catalog. The mean values are given with rms errors andnumbers of degrees of freedom, and a simple example of the use of thesestatistical data is given. For a number of the stars with entries in thecatalog, temperatures have been determined. A separate catalogcontaining those data is briefly described. Catalog only available atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| A re-analysis of the heavy-element abundance of barium stars.
Not Available
| Insights into the formation of barium and Tc-poor S stars from an extended sample of orbital elements
The set of orbital elements available for chemically-peculiar red giant(PRG) stars has been considerably enlarged thanks to a decade-longCORAVEL radial-velocity monitoring of about 70 barium stars and 50 Sstars. When account is made for the detection biases, the observedbinary frequency among strong barium stars, mild barium stars andTc-poor S stars (respectively 35/37, 34/40 and 24/28) is compatible withthe hypothesis that they are all members of binary systems. Thesimilarity between the orbital-period, eccentricity and mass-functiondistributions of Tc-poor S stars and barium stars confirms that Tc-poorS stars are the cooler analogs of barium stars. A comparative analysisof the orbital elements of the various families of PRG stars, and of asample of chemically-normal, binary giants in open clusters, revealsseveral interesting features. The eccentricity - period diagram of PRGstars clearly bears the signature of dissipative processes associatedwith mass transfer, since the maximum eccentricity observed at a givenorbital period is much smaller than in the comparison sample of normalgiants. be held The mass function distribution is compatible with theunseen companion being a white dwarf (WD). This lends support to thescenario of formation of the PRG star by accretion of heavy-element-richmatter transferred from the former asymptotic giant branch progenitor ofthe current WD. Assuming that the WD companion has a mass in the range0.60+/-0.04 Msb ȯ, the masses of mild and strong barium starsamount to 1.9+/-0.2 and 1.5+/-0.2 Msb ȯ, respectively. Mild bariumstars are not restricted to long-period systems, contrarily to what isexpected if the smaller accretion efficiency in wider systems were thedominant factor controlling the pollution level of the PRG star. Theseresults suggest that the difference between mild and strong barium starsis mainly one of galactic population rather than of orbital separation,in agreement with their respective kinematical properties. There areindications that metallicity may be the parameter blurring the period -Ba-anomaly correlation: at a given orbital period, increasing levels ofheavy-element overabundances are found in mild barium stars, strongbarium stars, and Pop.II CH stars, corresponding to a sequence ofincreasingly older, i.e., more metal-deficient, populations. PRG starsthus seem to be produced more efficiently in low-metallicitypopulations. Conversely, normal giants in barium-like binary systems mayexist in more metal-rich populations. HD 160538 (DR Dra) may be such anexample, and its very existence indicates at least that binarity is nota sufficient condition to produce a PRG star. This paper is dedicated tothe memory of Antoine Duquennoy, who contributed many among theobservations used in this study
| Barium stars, galactic populations and evolution.
In this paper HIPPARCOS astrometric and kinematical data together withradial velocities from other sources are used to calibrate bothluminosity and kinematics parameters of Ba stars and to classify them.We confirm the results of our previous paper (where we used data fromthe HIPPARCOS Input Catalogue), and show that Ba stars are aninhomogeneous group. Five distinct classes have been found i.e. somehalo stars and four groups belonging to disk population: roughlysuper-giants, two groups of giants (one on the giant branch, the otherat the clump location) and dwarfs, with a few subgiants mixed with them.The confirmed or suspected duplicity, the variability and the range ofknown orbital periods found in each group give coherent resultssupporting the scenario for Ba stars that are not too highly massivebinary stars in any evolutionary stages but that all were previouslyenriched with Ba from a more evolved companion. The presence in thesample of a certain number of ``false'' Ba stars is confirmed. Theestimates of age and mass are compatible with models for stars with astrong Ba anomaly. The mild Ba stars with an estimated mass higher than3Msun_ may be either stars Ba enriched by themselves or``true'' Ba stars, which imposes new constraints on models.
| The barium stars in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram.
We present absolute magnitudes for a sample of 52 barium stars observedby the HIPPARCOS satellite, and their location in the HR diagram. Ourplot (Fig. 1) is restricted to stars with parallax accuracies betterthan 22%. The luminosity classes range from Ib supergiants down to Vdwarfs on the main sequence, as expected from spectral classificaiton.Discrepancies are however notes. No gap is observed in the regionextending from the main sequence to the giant branch, excatly as shownby Perryman et al. (1995A&A...304...69P) for normal stars. This isalso true for class II bright giants. A clump is however obvious atG8-K0 IIIb and M_V_~0. 85 which correspond to the one noted as (B-V)~1.0and M_Hp_~1.0 by Perryman et al. It appears that barium stars on themain sequence are earlier than G4, upward evolution being noticeable forlater types. They are also distributed in the subgiant zone followingthe locus of normal stars, i.e. increasing brightness for later types. Afew stars in our sample are also classified as CH stars: four of themare definitely main sequence class V-dwarfs, one is a class IVb faintsubgiant while two possible CH-stars are class III-giants. These resultsare consistent with the currently-admitted model of surface pollution ofa normal star through mass transfer in a binary system whose primary hasbecome a white dwarf (WD). HIPPARCOS data show perturbations of theastrometric solution which can be attributed to proved (or possible)binarity for 21 stars our of 121, and 8 of them were already quoted inthe CCDM catalogue (not necessarily with a WD component). This lowproportion can be explained by the 5-11 magnitudes differences predictedbetween the two components and/or low angular separation with periodsclose to one year.
| Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of barium stars.
The absolute magnitude of barium stars has been obtained fromkinematical data using a new algorithm based on the maximum-likelihoodprinciple. The method allows to separate a sample into groupscharacterized by different mean absolute magnitudes, kinematics andz-scale heights. It also takes into account, simultaneously, thecensorship in the sample and the errors on the observables. The methodhas been applied to a sample of 318 barium stars. Four groups have beendetected. Three of them show a kinematical behaviour corresponding todisk population stars. The fourth group contains stars with halokinematics. The luminosities of the disk population groups spread alarge range. The intrinsically brightest one (M_v_=-1.5mag,σ_M_=0.5mag) seems to be an inhomogeneous group containing bariumbinaries as well as AGB single stars. The most numerous group (about 150stars) has a mean absolute magnitude corresponding to stars in the redgiant branch (M_v_=0.9mag, σ_M_=0.8mag). The third group containsbarium dwarfs, the obtained mean absolute magnitude is characteristic ofstars on the main sequence or on the subgiant branch (M_v_=3.3mag,σ_M_=0.5mag). The obtained mean luminosities as well as thekinematical results are compatible with an evolutionary link betweenbarium dwarfs and classical barium giants. The highly luminous group isnot linked with these last two groups. More high-resolutionspectroscopic data will be necessary in order to better discriminatebetween barium and non-barium stars.
| S-process element overabundances of BA stars through wind accretion.
Not Available
| The formation of barium and CH stars and related objects
We investigate the formation of barium (Ba) and CH stars via binaryinteractions. We consider four evolutionary channels for theirformation: wind accretion, wind exposure, stable Roche lobe overflow(RLOF), and common-envelope (CE) ejection, and carry out Monte Carlosimulations. We explore the effects of model parameters, such as atidal-enhancement parameter for stellar wind, a maximum stellar mass fors-processing, and a minimum core mass for thermal pulsation, on ourresults. We also explore the effects of various assumptions about age,mass-ratio distribution and wind velocity. Our results show that binaryinteraction is successful in explaining the formation of Ba and CHstars. We successfully explain the distribution of orbital periods, thedistribution of mass functions, and the number of observed Ba stars. Wealso support the views (a) that a tidally enhanced stellar wind exists,(b) that thermal pulsation may begin at an earlier phase during theasymptotic giant branch (AGB) than is usually assumed, and (c) that themaximum stellar mass for s-processing is about 2 M_solar. We find thatthe degree of Ba pollution is strongly correlated with orbital period.The average mass of strong Ba stars is estimated to be 1.8 M_solar, andof all Ba stars 1.7 M_solar the average mass for the white dwarf (WD)companions in the Ba-star binaries is estimated to be 0.60 M_solar. Theaverage mass of strong CH stars is estimated to be 1.2 M_solar, and theaverage mass for their WD companions is estimated to be 0.62 M_solar.The total number of Ba stars in the Galaxy brighter than 10th apparentmagnitude is estimated to be 6000, while that of CH stars is much less.We also investigate the formation of pre-Ba/CH stars, cataclysmicvariables, Algols, double degenerates and symbiotics. Some encouragingresults are found, although much work needs to be done in order tounderstand fully their formation, especially of pre-Ba/CH stars and ofsymbiotics.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Examination of the wind accretion scenario for barium stars
In this note, we confront the results of a spectroscopic analysis givings-process element abundances in a sample of barium stars withtheoretical predictions from the wind accretion scenario of Boffin &Jorissen (1988). This comparison is done in the overabundance-orbitaqlperiod plane.
| A Spectroscopic Analysis of Barium Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1994A&A...283..937Z&db_key=AST
| UBV photometry of barium stars
Magnitudes in V and B-V and U-B colors observed by the 91-cm telescopeat Okayama are presented for 109 stars including both classical andmarginal barium stars. The two-color diagram shows a fair amount ofspread. This can be interpreted by interstellar reddening and variableamounts of line blocking effect. Both classical and marginal bariumstars form a fairly homogeneous group.
| Taxonomy of barium stars
Spectral classification, barium intensity, radial velocity, luminosity,and kinematical properties are determined for 389 barium stars byanalyzing image-tube spectra and photometric observation data. Diskkinematics for the stars are based on whether they are Ba weak or Bastrong. Weak barium stars in general have smaller velocity dispersions,brighter apparent magnitude, and lower luminosity than strong bariumstars. These characteristics are confirmed by solving for meanspectroscopic distances, z-scale height distances, and reduced propermotions.
| The binary nature of the barium and CH stars. III - Orbital parameters
Results are presented from a 10-year program to monitor the velocityvariations of Ba II and CH stars, showing that all Ba II and CH starsare binaries. Radial-velocity observations for Ba II and CH binaries aregiven. Also, the results of orbit calculations and orbital elementdeterminations are analyzed. It is shown that the eccentricities of BaII star orbits are significantly lower than the eccentricities for asample of normal G and K giants. In addition, the eccentricities of CHstar orbits are significantly lower than those of Ba II stars,suggesting dissipation due to mass exchange, probably from a previousAGB star. The mass functions for Ba II and CH stars indicate that thestars come from samples of binary systems with a small dispersion inmass ratios. If the Ba II and CH stars are assumed to have masses of 1.5and 0.8 solar mass, respectively, then their companions would havemasses near 0.6 solar mass, similar to the values expected for whitedwarfs.
| Kinematic and spatial distributions of barium stars - Are the barium stars and AM stars related?
The possibility of an evolutionary link between Am stars and bariumstars is considered, and an examination of previous data suggests thatbarium star precursors are main-sequence stars of intermediate mass, aremost likely A and/or F dwarfs, and are intermediate-mass binaries withclose to intermediate orbital separations. The possible role of masstransfer in the later development of Am systems is explored. Masstransfer and loss from systems with a range of masses and orbitalseparations may explain such statistical peculiarities of barium starsas the large dispersion in absolute magnitude, the large range ofelemental abundances from star to star, and the small number of starswith large peculiar velocities.
| UVBY beta photometry of peculiar B and A stars, discovered at Abastumani
Stromgren uvby photometry for 70 peculiar Bp, Ap, or Am type stars ispresented. The model grid of Relyea and Kurucz (1978) is used to obtaineffective temperatures and log g values, confirming the dwarf-nature ofAm stars. Good agreement is found between effective temperatures andequivalent spectral classes derived from the (b-y)0 values, although theA4-A5 stars in this sample may be cooler than normal stars ofluminosity-class III-V in this spectral range.
| Spectroscopic Study of Barium Stars - Part Two - Chemical Composition of HD16458 HD204075 HD199394 HD199939 and HD196678
Not Available
| Additional late-type stars with technetium
The results of a survey of 279 late-type giants and supergiants for thespectral lines of the radioactive element technetium (Tc I) at 4297,4262, and 4238 A are presented. The following conclusions are reached:(1) the presence of Tc correlates very strongly with the existence oflight variability; (2) evolutionary MS stars show Tc and spectroscopicMS stars do not show Tc; (3) single S stars show Tc; (4) SC stars showTc; (5) about 75 percent of the C stars show Tc; and (6) Ba II stars donot show Tc. The findings are compatible with predictions from stellarevolution theory.
| E. W. Fick Observatory stellar radial velocity measurements. I - 1976-1984
Stellar radial velocity observations made with the large vacuumhigh-dispersion photoelectric radial velocity spectrometer at FickObservatory are reported. This includes nearly 2000 late-type starsobserved during 585 nights. Gradual modifications to this instrumentover its first eight years of operation have reduced the observationalerror for high-quality dip observations to + or - 0.8 km/s.
| Lithium in the barium stars
New high-resolution spectra of the lithium resonance doublet haveprovided lithium abundances or upper limits for 26 classical and mildbarium stars. The lithium lines always are present in the classicalbarium stars. Lithium abundances in these stars obey a trend withstellar masses consistent with that previously derived for ordinary Kgiants. This supports the notion that classical barium stars arepost-core-He-flash or core-He-burning stars. Lithium contents in themild barium stars, however, often are much smaller than those of theclassical barium stars; sometimes only upper limits may be determined.The cause for this difference is not easily understood, but may berelated to more extensive mass loss by the mild barium stars.
| Binary stars unresolved by speckle interferometry. III
The KPNO's 4-m telescope was used in 1975-1981 to determine the epochsof 1164 speckle observations for 469 unresolved, known or suspectedbinary stars. The data, presented in tabular form, encompass visualbinaries with eccentric orbits, occultation binaries, astrometricbinaries, Hyades stars of known or suspected duplicity, and many longperiod spectroscopic binaries.
| A search for light variations in barium stars
Seventeen barium stars have been investigated for possible lightvariations. Ten of these stars have been monitored for twelve years.
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